Justyna Gotkowska is the Deputy Director and Head of the Security and Defence Department at the Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW) in Warsaw, Poland. She focuses on the security and defence policy of Germany, the Nordic and Baltic states, NATO and the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy from regional perspectives, as well as on military cooperation in Central and Northern Europe. She writes about Polish security and defence policy in NATO, in the EU, and vis-à-vis the United States. Having graduated from the Institute of Applied Linguistics at the University of Warsaw and of European Studies at the RWTH Aachen University, Ms Gotkowska is a visiting scholar at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies and the University of the Bundeswehr Munich. She is a regular participant in multinational research projects, including at Think Visegrad, Estonia’s ICDS, and Germany’s DGAP.